Nerve Root Compression

Nerve root compressions are common but often asymptomatic. MRIs of many asymptomatic individuals reveal nerve root compressions. With increasing age, the number of naturally occurring degenerative structural changes in our spine, visible through imaging, increases. This makes diagnosing nerve impairments more challenging.

Medically, the compression or irritation of the nerve root is termed radiculopathy. It can involve a disease or injury of the nerve roots. Nerve roots can be irritated or impaired by various causes, leading to symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness along the course of the affected nerve.

Common Causes

The most common causes of nerve root compression include:

• Herniated disc
• Degenerative, age-related structural changes in the spine (disc degeneration, vertebral body arthrosis, or spinal canal stenosis)
  • Spinal injuries
  • Inflammatory diseases
  • Tumors
    
    

Symptoms

The symptoms of radiculopathy can vary depending on the affected nerve and the severity of the damage. Typical symptoms include:

• Pain
• Numbness
• Tingling
• Muscular weakness

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of nerve root compression involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging (such as MRI or CT), sometimes neurological nerve conduction studies, and diagnostic nerve root blocks.

Treatment

The treatment of radiculopathies depends on the underlying cause, the severity of symptoms, and other individual factors. It may include conservative measures such as physical therapy, medications, and lifestyle adjustments. However, in some cases, surgery may be necessary, especially if the symptoms are severe or if conservative treatments are ineffective.

Understanding the mechanisms and causes of nerve root compression is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. By utilizing a combination of diagnostic tools and treatment options, healthcare providers aim to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life for those affected by this condition.